A longstanding research challenge has been in improving the understanding of how vocal tract structure and function interact, and notably in illuminating the variant and invariant aspects of speech (and beyond) within and across individuals. The sounds produced by the vocal instrument also carry crucial information about individual identity and the state of health and wellbeing. The vocal tract is the universal human instrument played with great dexterity to produce the elegant acoustic structuring of speech, song and other sounds to communicate intent and emotions. Promotion of best practices in the wide community is one of the goals for the activities that are part of the ICA organised International Year of Sound in 2020.
For others an acceptable environment may be achieved by coupling a deep understanding of the effects of noise with the application of some of many tools available using modern technology. Engineering noise control at source is a solution for some problems. So limits and control measures need to be implemented to keep community noise within the acceptable range while still allowing for the necessary business, industry, transportation and entertainment to continue. But generally, there is a level of noise that we consider acceptable when the noise from outside does not interfere with what we are doing at that time. Extensive research has shown that sound levels that commonly occur in our cities and rural areas and that may be below the damage risk level can create annoyance and lead to various health effects. Sound at too high a level can cause damage to hearing and it is the role of society, workplace management and governments to ensure that the community is aware of the risk and that this risk is minimised by implementing noise control and noise management. Sound is fundamental to our social structure from the basic need for communication through to the expression of our emotions in music.
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